{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:48:37Z","timestamp":1758635317378,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recommended curricula in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) outline learning objectives that include the domain of attitudes and behaviours, but these are notoriously difficult to measure. The aims of this study were (i) to develop a test battery comprising adapted and new scales to evaluate values, attitudes and intentions of dental students towards people with disability and people in marginalised groups and (ii) to determine reliability (interitem consistency) and validity of the scales within the test battery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search identified pre\u2010existing measures and models for the assessment of attitudes in healthcare students. Adaptation of three pre\u2010existing scales was undertaken, and a new scale was developed based upon the Theory of Planned Behaviour (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPB<\/jats:styled-content>) using an elicitation survey. These scales underwent a process of content validation. The three adapted scales and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPB<\/jats:styled-content> scale were piloted by 130 students at 5 different professional stages, from 4 different countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The scales were adjusted to ensure good internal reliability, variance, distribution, and face and content validity. In addition, the different scales showed good divergent validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results are positive, and the scales now need to be validated in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is hoped that these tools will be useful to educators in SCD to evaluate the impact of teaching and clinical exposure on their students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]],"date-time":"2017-09-22T06:32:45Z","timestamp":1506061965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a battery of tests to measure attitudes and intended behaviours of dental students towards people with disability or those in marginalised groups"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1191-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Faulks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne EA4847 CROC, and CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand Service d\u2019Odontologie  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Institute King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric dentistry Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Nunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oral Health &amp; Dentistry  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry Department of Restorative Dentistry University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Roger\u2010Leroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne EA4847 CROC, and CHU Clermont\u2010Ferrand Service d\u2019Odontologie  Clermont\u2010Ferrand France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of population and Patient Health King's College London Dental Institute  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62050-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"National Disability Authority.Literature Review on Attitudes towards Disability. Dublin Ireland.2007.http:\/\/nda.ie\/nda-files\/Literature-Review-of-International-Evidence-on-Attitudes-to-Disability-2007.pdf. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2012.00736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.World Report on Disability Chapter 9 The way forward: recommendations.2011. Geneva Switzerland.http:\/\/www.who.int\/disabilities\/world_report\/2011\/en\/. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Mencap.Death by indifference: 74 deaths and counting. A progress report 5 years on. London UK: Mencap.2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"MichaelJ.Healthcare for all. Report of the independent inquiry into access to healthcare for people with learning disabilities. London; UK Department of Health. July2008.http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20130107105354\/http:\/www.dh.gov.uk\/prod_consum_dh\/groups\/dh_digitalassets\/@dh\/@en\/documents\/digitalasset\/dh_106126.pdf. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2014.78.1.tb05663.x","article-title":"Community\u2010based dental education and dentists\u2019 attitudes and behaviour concerning patients from underserved populations","volume":"78","author":"Rohra AK","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2011.75.1.tb05018.x","article-title":"Patients with Special Needs: dental students\u2019 educational experiences, attitudes, and behaviour","volume":"75","author":"Vainio L","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2010.74.11.tb04991.x","article-title":"Dental education about patients with special needs: a survey of US and Canadian dental schools","volume":"74","author":"Krause M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182555ea4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"iADH International Association of Disability and Oral Health.Undergraduate Curriculum in Special Care Dentistry.2012.\u00a0http:\/\/iadh.org\/groups\/education\/curricula\/. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.2009.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva Switzerland: WHO.2001.http:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icf\/en\/. Accessed June 9 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2009.035121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-11.2.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.53.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"WhitelyP.Essex Centre for the Study of Integrity. Take the Integrity test.2011.http:\/\/www.essex.ac.uk\/government\/documents\/integrity-test.pdf. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2007.71.9.tb04389.x","article-title":"Annual ADEA survey of dental school seniors, 2006 graduating class","volume":"71","author":"Chmar JE","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2011.0013","article-title":"Altruism in dental students","volume":"22","author":"Carreon D","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182017269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"FrancisJJ EcclesMP JohnstonM et\u00a0al.Constructing questionnaires based on the theory of planned behaviour; A manual for health services researchers. University of Newcastle2004ISBN 0\u20109540161\u20105\u20107.http:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/9559500.pdf. Accessed August 26 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1193-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j..2002.384.doc.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"The chasm between knowing and choosing the ethical course of action. A survey of dental students in the Netherlands","volume":"60","author":"Brands WG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801665"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Feje.12292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.12292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T13:08:55Z","timestamp":1695560935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eje.12292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eje.12292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.12292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-5883","1600-0579"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1396-5883"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0579"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,22]]}}}