{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:12:23Z","timestamp":1790795543278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to assess the ability and confidence of UK undergraduate dental students in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and determining appropriate orthodontic referral.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional survey using a case\u2010based online questionnaire. Fourth and fifth year undergraduate dental students were recruited from UK dental schools through their university and social media. Six cases were presented and participants were asked to provide an IOTN score and judgement about referral. Participants were asked about their confidence, experience and orthodontic teaching.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010nine responses were returned. A quarter of participants reported having used IOTN before in a clinical setting. Clinical experience with IOTN influenced confidence. Familiarity with making orthodontic referrals was low and only one participant reported having made an orthodontic referral. Correct IOTN scores were given by 68% of participants for a large 14\u2009mm overjet (5a) case, 43% of participants for an impacted canine (5i) case and 26% of participants for an impacted premolar (5i) case. Incorrect IOTN was most common in hypodontia cases with only 19% correctly identifying mild hypodontia (4h) and 28% identifying severe hypodontia (5h). For the majority of cases, incorrect answers about referral were due to confusion between specialist practitioner and orthodontic consultant pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dental students' ability and confidence in correctly applying the IOTN Dental Health Component and selecting the appropriate referral pathway was inadequate. Responses suggest a lack of clinical experience in assessing patients, applying the IOTN and making referrals. The low response rate is disappointing and limits the scope for making recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T16:28:40Z","timestamp":1656520120000},"page":"489-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>UK<\/scp> dental students' ability and confidence in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and determining appropriate orthodontic referral"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sherouq Yousif","family":"Bouskandar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dental Practitioners Ministry of Health  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Al Muraikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dental Practitioners Ministry of Health  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor M.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2881-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophy K.","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"NHS England: Chief Dental Officer Team.Guide for Commissioning Orthodontics. Guides for commissioning dental specialities \u2010 Orthodontics.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2015.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512012000100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1465312518824099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4812615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"General Dental Council.Preparing for practice: dental team learning outcomes for registration.2015.https:\/\/www.gdc\u2010uk.org\/docs\/default\u2010source\/quality\u2010assurance\/preparing\u2010for\u2010practice\u2010(revised\u20102015). Accessed 6th Jan. 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"The efficacy of training dental students in the index of orthodontic treatment need","volume":"120","author":"Bentele MJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJODO"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.12832","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eje.12832","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.12832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T01:43:30Z","timestamp":1692236610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eje.12832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eje.12832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.12832","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-5883","1600-0579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1396-5883","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}