{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1788916545357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Learning in a clinical domain in dentistry is complex and learners may face uncertain clinical scenarios. A simulation curriculum can be designed to have simple clinical scenarios and learning activities which progress in complexity and employ competence assessments of simulated clinical practice before students can undertake authentic practice on patients. This paper presents how scaffolding of competence can be used for designing learning with simulators (haptics and phantom head) demonstrated in a specific domain in restorative dentistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A collaborative workshop as a research approach was undertaken to inform the iterative analysis, development, and discussion on scaffolding the learning design with respect to competence assessments of learning cavity preparation with simulation\u2010based learning technologies. A workshop was conducted, which was collaborative and involved design negotiations between researchers, technologists, and teachers\/practitioners in developing the simulation curriculum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A competence assessment with feedback in a specific domain in preparing interproximal caries was used as a context to describe how the learning activities and outcomes were designed to meet assessment of competence with varied levels of simple to complex learning activities and structured sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulation curriculum can be designed and implemented by scaffolding the level of competence that can be learned using simulation between haptics and phantom\u2010head. This brings impetus to the need in meeting the relevant competence criteria in context to a specific affordance of the simulation\u2010based learning technologies to provide optimal patient\u2010centred holistic care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T12:44:00Z","timestamp":1703594640000},"page":"516-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Scaffolding competence\u2010based learning design in the dental simulation curriculum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Foxton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5241-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"San Diego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susha","family":"Rajadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anitha","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"McIlwane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Dental Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral &amp; 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