{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:13:55Z","timestamp":1792592035207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a large language model, chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has provided a valuable tool for various medical scenarios with its interactive dialogue\u2010based interface. However, there is a lack of studies on ChatGPT's effectiveness in handling dental tasks. This study aimed to compare the knowledge and comprehension abilities of ChatGPT\u20103.5\/4 with that of dental students about periodontal surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 134 dental students participated in this study. We designed a questionnaire consisting of four questions about the inclination for ChatGPT, 25 multiple\u2010choice, and one open\u2010ended question. As the comparison of ChatGPT\u20103.5 and 4, the question about the inclination was removed, and the rest was the same. The response time of ChatGPT\u20103.5 and 4 as well as the comparison of ChatGPT\u20103.5 and 4\u2032 performances with dental students were measured. Regarding students' feedback on the open\u2010ended question, we also compared the outcomes of ChatGPT\u20104\u2032 and teacher's review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On average, ChatGPT\u20103.5 and 4 required 3.63\u2009\u00b1\u20091.18\u2009s (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.14, 4.11) and 12.49\u2009\u00b1\u20097.29\u2009s (95% CI, 9.48, 15.50), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) for each multiple\u2010choice question. For these 25 questions, the accuracy was 21.51\u2009\u00b1\u20092.72, 14 and 20 for students, ChatGPT\u20103.5 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, the outcomes of ChatGPT\u20104's review were consistent with that of teacher's review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For dental examinations related to periodontal surgery, ChatGPT's accuracy was not yet comparable to that of the students. Nevertheless, ChatGPT shows promise in assisting students with the curriculum and helping practitioners with clinical letters and reviews of students' textual descriptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.13047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T17:11:24Z","timestamp":1729789884000},"page":"36-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Performance of <scp>ChatGPT<\/scp> and Dental Students on Concepts of Periodontal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontics University of Iowa College of Dentistry  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Abdul\u2010Masih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research University of Iowa College of Dentistry  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4318-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases &amp; National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03336-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Implications of ChatGPT in Public Health Dentistry: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Tiwari A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47989\/ir292837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-023-01601-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.223312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-10213-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00239-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11050683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.10777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41405-024-00226-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aej.12874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/51344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"Familiarity With ChatGPT Features Modifies Expectations and Learning Outcomes of Dental Students","volume":"0020","author":"Roganovic J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.13485"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/45312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00036.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2023.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20240037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03308-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","article-title":"Evaluation of YouTube Video Content About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip","volume":"12","author":"Oztermeli A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2023.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","article-title":"ChatGPT\u20104 and the Global Burden of Disease Study: Advancing Personalized Healthcare Through Artificial Intelligence in Clinical and Translational Medicine","volume":"15","author":"Temsah M.\u2010H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/soc13080196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-023-03427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00819-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2181052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","article-title":"Exploring the Boundaries of Reality: Investigating the Phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence Hallucination in Scientific Writing Through ChatGPT References","volume":"15","author":"Athaluri S. 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