{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:39:46Z","timestamp":1792006786908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop realistic training teeth composed of multi\u2010material colours and gradients and evaluate them in comparison with the standard model and extracted teeth with a group of students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three different teeth were virtually designed by use of multiple STL\u2010compartments and additively manufactured with different material gradients like colour, hardness and functional properties in a single printing process using MultiJet technology. The teeth included simulated hard\u2010\/softissues and restorative materials like enamel, dentin, pulp, carious dentin, composite, amalgam, and gutta\u2010percha. The selected teeth were tested by a group of 25 clinical students in a volunteer hands\u2010on course. They had experience in caries removal, post insertion and preparation on real patients. Study procedures included the removal of a faulty direct and indirect restoration, of gutta\u2010percha as well as of carious dentin. The properties of the printed teeth for each task were assessed by the students using grades (1\u2009=\u2009very good, 2\u2009=\u2009good, 3\u2009=\u2009satisfactory, 4\u2009=\u2009sufficient, 5\u2009=\u2009poor). Conventional model teeth and extracted real teeth served as reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In comparison to standard model teeth, printed teeth were rated 1.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7, with a grade of 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 for haptic impression and 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 for realistic perception of the exercise. In comparison to extracted teeth, the colour of the enamel(2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4), the dentin(1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3) and the carious lesion(1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8) were evaluated with overall good or very good values. The new features were rated with 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 for the Amalgam filling, 1.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 for the caries lesion, 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 for the crown, and 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 for the gutta\u2010percha.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the pilot study confirm the potential of multi\u2010material additive manufacturing for educational purposes. Students preferred printed teeth in comparison with conventional acrylic and extracted teeth, considering the simulation of a training scenario close to clinical reality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.13107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T20:59:37Z","timestamp":1746478777000},"page":"197-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Printed Multi\u2010Coloured Teeth Comprising Material Gradients for Dental Education\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Dosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Schwendicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1592-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po\u2010Chun","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University of Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt C","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry Medical Center \u2010 University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Ke\u00dfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital, Ludwig\u2010Maximilian\u2010University of Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry Medical Center \u2010 University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2012.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02532-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12229"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"The 3D Printed Teeth Models Intended for Hands\u2010On Practice in Conservative Dentistry","volume":"62","author":"Dobros K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Folia Medica Cracoviensia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12964"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.13107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eje.13107","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.13107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:00:59Z","timestamp":1772985659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eje.13107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eje.13107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.13107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-5883","1600-0579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1396-5883","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}