{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:48Z","timestamp":1787014128831,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001343","name":"University of Pretoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research has found that orthodontists often lack the knowledge and confidence to engage in craniofacial orthodontics, such as treating cleft\u2010lip and palate patients. This gap highlights the need for an educational strategy that enhances skills transfer in this sub\u2010speciality. This study explores the design considerations for developing a fully online, work\u2010integrated learning module tailored to this need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The research adopts a case study approach, guided by design thinking as the overarching conceptual model combined with a range of data collection strategies. Following the first three stages of design thinking, a thematic analysis was conducted, similar to the novel six\u2010step process for conceptual model development in qualitative research, to identify the needs of educators and students engaged in orthodontic qualifications or certified examinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five key themes emerged through this process, forming the basis for a problem statement and module definition. Building on these insights, five theoretical constructs were developed, providing a conceptual framework for designing a fully online, work\u2010integrated learning module.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using this framework, we addressed the identified needs while ensuring alignment with best practices. The next phase of this research will involve prototyping and testing the module with a cohort of students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The success of this model has the potential to extend beyond craniofacial orthodontics, offering valuable applications to other medical and dental specialities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T02:39:44Z","timestamp":1750127984000},"page":"539-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Designing a Fully Online Work\u2010Integrated Learning Module for Craniofacial Orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Emad","family":"Ghabrial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari","family":"van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Corn\u00e9","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1119\u20103077.179277"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Future Provision of Orthodontic Care for Patients With Craniofacial Anomalies and Cleft Lip and Palate","volume":"11","author":"Noble J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"WJO"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17159\/2519-0105\/2021\/v76no4a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"E.Ghabrial Assessment of the Educational Needs and Services Available in Cleft\/Lip Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies Management in South Africa(Doctoral dissertation University 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10556656211059363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"American Dental Association Accreditation Standards for Clinical Fellowship Training Programs in Craniofacial and Special Care Orthodontics(Commission on Dental Accreditation 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2024.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/apos.apos_49_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125231215096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2024.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010021\u201003047\u20102"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"JCO Orthodontic Practice Study Part 2: Practice Success","volume":"57","author":"Kravitz N. 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