{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:27:21Z","timestamp":1786634841095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The complexity and limited visibility associated with the deep surgical area make learning lateral approach maxillary sinus floor elevation a significant challenge for dental students in the current circumstances. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a virtual simulation training system specifically designed for learning lateral approach maxillary sinus floor elevation skills by comparing it to conventional teaching methods among dental students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a test group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) that utilised the virtual simulation training system and a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) that underwent conventional course\u2010based learning. Following the training period, all participants completed a knowledge test and operational assessment to evaluate their learning efficiency. A specific questionnaire was administered to an additional 50 students to facilitate the development of the virtual simulation training system.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Scores obtained by the test group in the knowledge test were significantly higher than those of the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, the subjective and objective criteria assessed through the operational assessment indicated a notable improvement in the use of the virtual simulation training system. The test group outperformed the control group in both aspects, and these differences were statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The questionnaire survey showed all questions regarding overall understanding exhibited a significant improvement after utilising the virtual simulation training system (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The virtual simulation training system proves to be an effective tool for dental students to learn the lateral approach maxillary sinus floor elevation skill.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:01:12Z","timestamp":1761714072000},"page":"1152-1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of a Virtual Simulation Training System for Learning Lateral Approach Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Skill Among Dental Students: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongkai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration &amp; Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology &amp; Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12733"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2023.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-10-00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2014.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8353"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Problem\u2010Based Learning in Higher Education: Lessons From the Literature","volume":"5","author":"Major C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Academic Exchange Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/29.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2019.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Simulation in Teaching Regional Anesthesia: Current Perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Udani A. 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