{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:27:12Z","timestamp":1786634832203,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accurate recognition of oral lesions is a core competency in oral medicine. This skill is critical, as timely patient presentation is not always guaranteed, and precise diagnosis is essential, particularly for malignant lesions requiring immediate intervention to prevent serious health risks. Traditional learning can be reinforced through engaging methods that enhance interest and knowledge retention. This study aimed to develop a computer\u2010based educational game and evaluate its impact on student learning by comparing it with traditional instruction, while also assessing student attitudes towards mobile learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This interventional study involved 48 students from two dental schools, randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group. A pretest established baseline knowledge. The intervention group used the educational game as a supplement to traditional teaching for 3\u2009weeks, while the control group received only traditional instruction. A posttest was administered to both groups. Student attitudes towards mobile learning were evaluated in the intervention group using a validated questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon test for within\u2010group comparisons and the Mann\u2013Whitney test for between\u2010group comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Posttest scores increased from baseline in both groups. The within\u2010group improvement was statistically significant in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) but not in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.082). However, the between\u2010group difference in score improvement was not statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.312). Students in the intervention group reported positive attitudes towards mobile\u2010based learning.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The educational game showed potential in enhancing learning outcomes, with a significant improvement observed within the intervention group. Students expressed positive attitudes towards mobile\u2010based learning, valuing its accessibility and ability to diversify the learning experience. These findings suggest that game\u2010assisted mobile learning can serve as a valuable supplementary tool in dental education. Educators may consider integrating such tools to increase engagement and complement traditional teaching methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:23:27Z","timestamp":1776950607000},"page":"1325-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Educational Aid Game for Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Through Mobile Learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Arghavan","family":"Tonkaboni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Medical\u2010Surgical Oral Pathology Research Group University of Santiago de Compostela  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry Aja University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9210-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Mohammadimehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine Aja University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4051-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam\u2010Sadat","family":"Sadrzadeh\u2010Afshar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry Aja University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13189\/ojdom.2015.030203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2014.78.4.tb05714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedro.2023.100271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010019\u20101701\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61186\/edcj.17.54.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30476\/IJVLMS.2023.96259.1172"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Iranian Dental Students' Level of Knowledge Regarding the Interpretation of Radiographic Images of Oral Lesions: Is the Standard Training Sufficient?","volume":"5","author":"Azimi S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Pathology and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2021.105269"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Rethinking Learning in a Lockdown: The Coronavirus Prompts This Principal to Ask, \u201cWhat Really Matters?\u201d","volume":"14","author":"Hurlow S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2015.79.2.tb05868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100029\u20101241184"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"502","article-title":"A Review of Premalignant Oral Conditions","volume":"123","author":"Huber M. 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