{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:32:42Z","timestamp":1789576362011,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The bidirectional relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases (particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) is central to contemporary dental curricula. However, the effectiveness of Large Language Model (LLM) tools compared to traditional written materials remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 70 fourth\u2010year dental students were divided into two equal groups: Group 1\u2010Learning with written materials (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935) and Group 2\u2010Learning supported by ChatGPT\u20104o (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935). Two 20\u2010item tests (Test A pre\u2010test; Test B post\u2010test) developed from international consensus documents were administered to both groups. Prior to implementation, a pilot item analysis was conducted with 35 fifth\u2010year students to assess the appropriateness of the A\/B test questions. After the intervention, a 7\u2010item, 5\u2010point Likert questionnaire evaluated student perceptions. The primary outcome was the post\u2010test total knowledge score (Test B), analysed between groups using ANCOVA with the pre\u2010test total score (Test A) as a covariate. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were applied for secondary analyses (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both groups showed pre\u2010post improvement in knowledge scores. After adjustment for baseline knowledge using ANCOVA, there was no significant difference between the groups in the primary outcome (Test B total score). According to survey data, Group 2 scored higher in terms of accessibility\/ease of information and motivation, while Group 1 reported better concentration\/focus (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); no significant between\u2010group differences were observed for the other items.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT\u20104o\u2010supported interactive learning was comparable to written materials in terms of short\u2010term knowledge acquisition for periodontal\u2010systemic relationships. Both methods offered different advantages: ChatGPT\u20104o supported increased accessibility and motivation, while written notes supported sustained concentration. A blended approach integrating ChatGPT\u20104o with traditional resources may be pragmatic for teaching complex interdisciplinary topics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T02:55:26Z","timestamp":1774752926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Randomised Study of\n                    <scp>ChatGPT<\/scp>\n                    \u20104o vs. Written Materials for Teaching Periodontal\u2010Systemic Relationships in Dental Education"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mert","family":"Keles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Lokman Hekim Faculty of Dentistry  Ankara 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