{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1783192530146,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU114\u2010MF\u2010117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU114\u2010MF\u2010117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Dental medico\u2010legal education should connect legal knowledge with responsibility, communication and dispute contexts. This study examined how Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) can support quality improvement in a mature dental medico\u2010legal curriculum through courtroom immersion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This curriculum quality\u2010improvement study used a quasi\u2010experimental, non\u2010equivalent\u2010group, post\u2010test\u2010only design comparing two cohorts of fourth\u2010year dental students at a Taiwanese dental school. The 2024 baseline cohort completed the established curriculum; its post\u2010course questionnaire and open\u2010ended feedback informed the next refinement cycle. The 2025 ADDIE\u2010refined cohort completed a revised curriculum incorporating courtroom immersion, judge\u2010facilitated teaching and a restructured mock trial. Quantitative data were analysed using independent\u2010samples\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, one\u2010sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test against 4 and Cohen's d; qualitative responses were analysed inductively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Valid questionnaires were obtained from 37 baseline and 41 ADDIE\u2010refined participants. Internal consistency of the 13\u2010item scale was high (Cronbach's alpha\u2009=\u20090.94). Ratings were high in both cohorts. The ADDIE\u2010refined cohort reported greater motivation to learn medico\u2010legal content (4.32 vs. 3.41,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.400), whereas ratings for lawyer feedback and discussion were lower than in the baseline cohort (4.46 vs. 4.76,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.037,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.482). No other between\u2010cohort differences were significant. Baseline feedback requested courthouse visits and real\u2010hearing observation; the refined cohort described courtroom immersion as authentic and complementary to mock trials.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n ADDIE identified improvement opportunities in a highly rated curriculum. Courtroom immersion complemented mock trials by strengthening procedural authenticity, professional links, motivation and perceived authenticity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:29:47Z","timestamp":1783189787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refining a Mature Dental Medico\u2010Legal Curriculum Through\n ADDIE<\/scp>\n : Courtroom Immersion Under High\u2010Baseline Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Chin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry China Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lih\u2010Jyh","family":"Fuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry China Medical University Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Chia","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5335-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Chieh","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.668637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications","author":"Stufflebeam D. 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