{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:21:12Z","timestamp":1787602872175,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common conditions affecting the masticatory system, causing pain and dysfunction. The DC\/TMD Axis I protocol is increasingly included in undergraduate dental curricula.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the applicability of a DC\/TMD Axis I online course by assessing interexaminer reliability between dental students and Level 3 calibrated specialists in an exercise including the examination of students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Third\u2010year dental students (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009102) completed a DC\/TMD\u2010FIN online course. Symptomatic students (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200958) were examined by peers and then by two trained specialists. Diagnoses were compared using Cohen's kappa (\u03ba), sensitivity, specificity and agreement measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excellent reliability was observed for myalgia (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.929), arthralgia (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.789), and headache attributed to TMD (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.828). Disc displacement with reduction showed fair\u2010to\u2010good reliability (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.623). Agreement values were high across diagnoses, while other joint conditions could not be assessed due to low case numbers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that students can reliably diagnose common TMDs after completing an online course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The course is suitable for undergraduate education, enabling reliable diagnosis of pain\u2010related TMDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:37:56Z","timestamp":1787600276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applicability of Online Course for Teaching Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (\n                    <scp>DC<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>TMD<\/scp>\n                    ) Axis I in Undergraduate Dental Education\u2013Interexaminer Reliability Between Students and Teachers in a Student Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1704-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malmberg","family":"Jaana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6831-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lohilahti","family":"Tuukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9177-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e4p\u00e4nkangas","family":"Ritva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sipil\u00e4","family":"Kirsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"R.Ohrbach K.Sipil\u00e4 andT.Suvinen \u201cDiagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Assessment Instruments. Version 15May2016. [Diagnostiset Kriteerit Purentaelimist\u00f6n Kivuille ja Toimintah\u00e4iri\u00f6ille (DC\/TMD\u2010FIN): Tutkimusinstrumentit: Finnish Version 25May2016] \u201d(2016) www.rdc\u2010tmdinternational.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12516"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"P.Alstergren Y.Gonzalez\u2010Stucker E.Castrillon C.Peck J. C.Goulet andM.Koutris \u201cGuidelines for DC\/TMD Training and Calibration Version 2016\u201004\u201001 \u201d(2016) http:\/\/www.rdc\u2010tmdinternational.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194\u2010015\u20100505\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/aos.v83.40984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"R.Ohrbach Y.Gonzalez T.List A.Michelotti andE.Schiffman \u201cDiagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) Clinical Examination Protocol: Version 02June2013 \u201dwww.rdc\u2010tmdinternational.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Principles of Medical Statistics","author":"Feinstein A. R.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"The Virtual Classroom: Learning Without Limits via Computer Networks","author":"Hiltz S. 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