{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:05:21Z","timestamp":1790802321833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016834","name":"Chongqing Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GDRC012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GDRC012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016834","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicative potential of 3D\u2010printed teeth, designed from real clinical cases, in endodontic specialty training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study collected radiological data from clinical cases and performed 3D reconstruction. Through the data of 3D reconstruction, two 3D\u2010printed materials were used to fabricate personalized, full\u2010size, resin tooth models. These models were assigned to endodontic specialty trainees for root canal therapy practice in the dental simulator. A questionnaire was designed to evaluate trainees' perceptions of the similarity between 3D\u2010printed tooth models and natural teeth, using a 5\u2010point scale (1\u2009=\u2009extremely dissimilar, 5\u2009=\u2009extremely similar).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated that the 3D\u2010printed tooth models accurately replicated the anatomical shape and root canal morphology of natural teeth, closely resembling real clinical cases. Trainees perceived the instructional value of the 3D\u2010printed models as moderately similar to that of natural teeth. However, the hardness of 3D\u2010printed models varied depending on the material used. Trainees reported a noticeable difference in handling perception between all resin tooth models and natural teeth during operative procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personalized 3D\u2010printed tooth models\u2014designed from real clinical cases with high anatomical accuracy and scalable production potential\u2014demonstrate significant promise as specialized teaching aids for endodontic root canal therapy training. These models offer endodontic trainees the invaluable opportunity to practice on simulations of typical or complex clinical scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:35:49Z","timestamp":1790800549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of Personalized\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Printed Teeth Model Based on Clinical Cases in Endodontic Specialty Training"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4485-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5507-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6674-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peiru","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0802-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinzhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7363-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"461","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan6521","article-title":"Regulating 3D\u2010Printed Medical Products","volume":"10","author":"Ricles L. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3056","article-title":"3D Printing for the Many, Not the Few","volume":"32","author":"Fullerton J. N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.08.033","article-title":"A Global Sustainability Perspective on 3D Printing Technologies","volume":"74","author":"Gebler M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12917","article-title":"Endodontic Applications of 3D Printing","volume":"51","author":"Anderson J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572008000100009","article-title":"Critical Analysis of Artificial Teeth for Endodontic Teaching","volume":"16","author":"Nassri M. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.14744\/lhhs.2024.3005","article-title":"Evaluation of the Use of 3D\u2010Printed Tooth Models in Endodontic Practical Training","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f6ksu M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lokman Hekim Health Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12743","article-title":"Students' Perception of Three\u2010Dimensionally Printed Teeth in Endodontic Training","volume":"26","author":"Kolling M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Dental Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-092220-015404","article-title":"Medical 3D Printing: Tools and Techniques, Today and Tomorrow","volume":"13","author":"Willson K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.019.103","article-title":"3D Printed Teeth for the Preclinical Education of Dental Students","volume":"83","author":"H\u00f6hne C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12532","article-title":"Introduction of a New Teaching Concept for Crown Preparation With 3D Printed Teeth","volume":"24","author":"H\u00f6hne C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Dental Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13299","article-title":"Perception of a Modular 3D Print Model in Undergraduate Endodontic Education","volume":"53","author":"Hanafi A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.334","article-title":"Development and Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Teaching Model via 3D Printing","volume":"7","author":"Reymus M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cllinical and Experimental Dental Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2022.03.021","article-title":"Evaluation of Students' Self\u2010Assessment Performance in Preclinical Endodontic Training by Means of Rubrics and a 3D Printed Model","volume":"121","author":"Tsai S. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213475","article-title":"DLP 3D Printing of High\u2010Resolution Root Scaffold With Bionic Bioactivity and Biomechanics for Personalized Bio\u2010Root Regeneration","volume":"151","author":"Chen J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials Advances"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2958","article-title":"3D Bioprinting of Tissues and Organs","volume":"32","author":"Murphy S. V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11658-y","article-title":"Composite 3D Printing of Biomimetic Human Teeth","volume":"12","author":"Cresswell\u2010Boyes A. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13361","article-title":"A Critical Evaluation of the Material Properties and Clinical Suitability of In\u2010House Printed and Commercial Tooth Replicas for Endodontic Training","volume":"53","author":"Reymus M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2024.1547849","article-title":"Corrigendum: Students' Perceptions of Endodontic Typodont Teeth With Simulated Canals Printed From Novel Materials","volume":"7","author":"Cresswell\u2010Boyes A. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Dental Medicine"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.70297","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eje.70297","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.70297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:35:52Z","timestamp":1790800552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eje.70297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eje.70297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.70297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-5883","1600-0579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1396-5883","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eje.70297"}}