{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:06:22Z","timestamp":1789153582501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the attitudes of Italian dental students towards HIV\u2010infected patients and explore factors influencing discriminatory behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, multicentric survey analysed responses from dental students across Italian Dental Schools. The questionnaire covered demographic data, interactions with HIV\u2010positive patients, knowledge of HIV infection, and adherence to preventive protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 470 questionnaires were analysed. Thirty two students (6.8%) reported discriminatory attitudes, with the highest prevalence in Northern Italy (9.8%), compared to 6.5% in Central Italy and 0.9% in Southern Italy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Nearly half of the respondents (231\/470) had been asked to treat HIV\u2010positive patients, with requests significantly more frequent in Northern Italy (65.4%) than in Central (43.8%) and Southern Italy (22.7%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Students who treated HIV\u2010positive patients as first operators demonstrated a higher likelihood of discriminatory behaviour (OR\u2009=\u200943.9, 95% CI: 5.9\u2013327.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) compared to second operators (OR\u2009=\u200913.4, 95% CI: 1.47\u2013121.7,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Stress perception during these treatments correlated with discriminatory attitudes (ANOVA test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Despite these findings, most students showed strong knowledge about HIV, with 99.8% identifying correct transmission routes and 85.6% aware of post\u2010exposure prophylaxis. Additionally, 91.8% expressed interest in further education on HIV\u2010dentistry topics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that Italian dental students are generally well\u2010prepared to treat HIV\u2010positive patients without discrimination. Practical training fosters confidence, as evidenced by the high willingness to provide care even among students with no prior experience in treating HIV\u2010positive individuals. However, geographic disparities and the influence of stress on discriminatory behaviour highlight areas for improvement in dental education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:10:23Z","timestamp":1789150223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attitudes of Dental Students Towards\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    + Patients: A Multi\u2010Center Survey Among Italian Universities"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7661-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli\u2014IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Dentistry\u2010IRCCS \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza\u201d San Giovanni Rotondo  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9928-4100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosimo","family":"Rupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli\u2014IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3226-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Abati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8798-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Arduino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Cir\u2010Dental School University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Azzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bardellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry University of Brescia  Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-8597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Bardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences University of Cagliari  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0701-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selene","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6722-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eleonora","family":"Bizzoca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9443-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D) University of Palermo  Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Oral Medicine and Dentistry for Fragile Patients, Department of Rehabilitation, Fragility, and Continuity of Care A.O.U.P \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0261-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Caravetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Castagnola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli\u2014IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome 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Giaccone\u201d of Palermo  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5246-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Limongelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo Lo","family":"Muzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Majorana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry University of Brescia  Brescia 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Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0867-5398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo\u2010Facial and Dental Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-1203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Pentenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology University of Turin  Turin 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