{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:10:15Z","timestamp":1790161815394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004697","name":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140310189163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140310189163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Anatomy and histology are basic courses in dental education. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method compared to lecture\u2010based learning in the anatomy and histology practical course for dental students. To reach this aim, the academic performance and satisfaction of students trained using the flipped classroom method were evaluated and compared with those of students trained through lecture\u2010based instruction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A randomized controlled trial assigned first\u2010year dental students to a flipped classroom (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009106) or lecture\u2010based instruction (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009107). Satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and the effectiveness of the method was evaluated through pre\u2010 and post\u2010tests, formative assessments, and an objective structured practical exam (OSPE). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Data analysis of pre\u2010test scores, showed no significant difference between groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.9689), while post\u2010test scores (8.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22 vs. 4.34\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) and final OSPE scores (7.59\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 vs. 5.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001) were meaningfully higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. Overall student satisfaction scores were high (84%), particularly in motivation and improvements in deeper learning, and knowledge retention, although peer interaction and teamwork were slightly lower.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The flipped classroom method, compared to the traditional lecture\u2010based method, significantly improved the learning, performance, and satisfaction of dental students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in these courses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:19:52Z","timestamp":1790158792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flipped Classroom Method Improves Anatomy and Histology Lab Education: Evaluating the Effects on Satisfaction and Learning in Dental Students"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Bakhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Bahmanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5958-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Shiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1519","article-title":"When Students Struggle With Gross Anatomy and Histology: A Strategy for Monitoring, Reviewing, and Promoting Student Academic Success in an Integrated Preclinical Medical Curriculum","volume":"8","author":"Hortsch M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-36727-4_4","volume-title":"Biomedical Visualisation: Volume 17\u2013Advancements in Technologies and Methodologies for Anatomical and Medical Education","author":"Yang J.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Is Active Learning Like Broccoli? Student Perceptions of Active Learning in Large Lecture Classes","volume":"11","author":"Smith C. V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I.Samoshkina \u201cApplied Learning in Higher Education: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2024\u201dPaper presented at the Proceedings of The International Conference on Modern Research in Education Teaching and Learning.","DOI":"10.33422\/icmetl.v3i1.271"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2071","article-title":"Why Is Anatomy Difficult to Learn? The Implications for Undergraduate Medical Curricula","volume":"14","author":"Cheung C. 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C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Education and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.02.010","article-title":"Best Teaching Practices in Anatomy Education: A Critical Review","volume":"208","author":"Estai M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy\u2010Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"School Health Education. A Textbook for Teachers, Nurses, and Other Professional Personnel","author":"Oberteuffer D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23821205261483954","article-title":"Enhancing Anatomy Education: Snowball Techniques vs. Lecture\u2010Based Learning","volume":"13","author":"Salehi A. M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.57.11.2045-a","volume-title":"A Textbook of Health Education","author":"Shapiro I. S.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"Effective Teaching and Learning in Practice","author":"Skinner D.","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02118-1","article-title":"Advancing Arrhythmia Education Through the CDIO Approach: A New Paradigm in Nursing Student Training","volume":"23","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1772","article-title":"A Gross Anatomy Flipped Classroom Effects Performance, Retention, and Higher\u2010Level Thinking in Lower Performing Students","volume":"11","author":"Day L. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-3125-6","article-title":"The Implementation of a Flipped Classroom Approach at a UK Dental School","volume":"231","author":"Binnie R. S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Dental Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Flipped Classrooms in Medical Education: Improving Learning Outcomes and Engaging Students in Critical Thinking Skills","volume":"15","author":"Nichat A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12487","article-title":"Flipped Classroom in Dental Education: A Scoping Review","volume":"24","author":"Vanka A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Dental Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e343","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12300","article-title":"Student Performance in a Flipped Classroom Dental Anatomy Course","volume":"22","author":"Chutinan S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Dental Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2015","article-title":"Improvement in Student Performance and Perceptions Through a Flipped Anatomy Classroom: Shifting From Passive Traditional to Active Blended Learning","volume":"14","author":"El Sadik A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anatomical Sciences Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.36478\/makrjms.2024.6.330.334","article-title":"Flipped Classroom: An Innovative Teaching Model to Train Undergraduate Medical Students in Community Medicine","volume":"18","author":"Ramadurg U.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1714-8","article-title":"Implementation of Flipped Classroom Combined With Problem\u2010Based Learning: An Approach to Promote Learning About Hyperthyroidism in the Endocrinology Internship","volume":"19","author":"Hu X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-4025.297658","article-title":"Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom for Teaching Anatomy and Students' Perceptions","volume":"6","author":"Viveka S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"National Journal of Clinical Anatomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","article-title":"Flipping a Dental Anatomy Course: A Retrospective Study Over Four Years","volume":"2016","author":"Bakr M. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Education Research International"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/dj6030023","article-title":"Flipping the Dental Anatomy Classroom","volume":"6","author":"Kellesarian S. V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dentistry Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Young's Modulus Estimation Using Machine Learning Methods and Daily Drilling Reports","volume":"10","author":"Ebrahimi P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Paramedics StudentsSatisfaction of Flipped Classroom Teaching Method in Comparison With Electronic\u2010Content and Lecture\u2010Based Instructional Approach","volume":"15","author":"Navipour E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research in Medical Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1080\/13562517.2021.1943655","article-title":"The Link Between Flipped and Active Learning: A Scoping Review","volume":"28","author":"Li R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Teaching in Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-016-0044-2","article-title":"A Critical Review of Flipped Classroom Challenges in K\u201012 Education: Possible Solutions and Recommendations for Future Research","volume":"12","author":"Lo C. K.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-019-09718-8","article-title":"A Flipped Classroom Model in Higher Education: A Review of the Evidence Across Disciplines","volume":"68","author":"Al\u2010Samarraie H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.07.004","article-title":"Is FLIP Enough? Or Should We Use the FLIPPED Model Instead?","volume":"79","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05863-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Method Using Clinical Scenarios and Educational Technology Versus Subject\u2010Based Lectures in a Gastrointestinal Physiology Course for Medical Students","volume":"24","author":"Seidi M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dental Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.70313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/eje.70313","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/eje.70313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:19:59Z","timestamp":1790158799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/eje.70313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/eje.70313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eje.70313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1396-5883","1600-0579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1396-5883","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0579","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"eje.70313"}}