{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:56:44Z","timestamp":1790668604954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dental Education"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this feasibility study was to determine whether standardised bitewing radiographs of simulated restorations in artificial teeth provide sufficient radiographic visibility for faculty observers to visualise selected restorative features. The study did not assess students, learning outcomes, diagnostic accuracy, restoration quality, faculty calibration, reliability, grading validity, cognitive load, or readiness for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n A laboratory\u2010based feasibility study with a repeated\u2010measures faculty\u2010observer component was conducted using 17 radiographic specimens: five restorations for each of three composite resins, one amalgam restoration as a positive radiopaque control and one unrestored preparation as a negative reference. Digital bitewing radiographs were acquired under standardised conditions with a 1\u2010 to 10\u2010mm aluminium step wedge. Ten restorative dentistry instructors rated the perceived ease of visualising contour, homogeneity, marginal adaptation and proximal contact using a five\u2010category Likert\u2010type instrument (1\u2009=\u2009very easy to 5\u2009=\u2009not possible). Because the same instructors evaluated multiple images, evaluator\u2010level median ratings were analysed using Friedman repeated\u2010measures tests, with paired Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank comparisons and Holm adjustment. Kendall's W was reported as the Friedman effect\u2010size estimate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The restorative materials were clearly distinguishable from the artificial tooth substrate. Filtek Z350 XT and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior showed mean radiopacity values of 7.40 and 8.64\u2009mm Al, respectively. Enamel Plus HRI and amalgam exceeded the measured 10\u2010mm Al calibration range; extrapolated estimates were 11.90 and 10.92\u2009mm Al, respectively, and were treated as estimates rather than directly calibrated measurements. Across restored conditions, ratings were predominantly in the \u2018very easy\u2019 or \u2018easy\u2019 categories. Overall condition effects were significant for all four parameters (Friedman\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; Kendall's W\u2009=\u20090.562\u20130.804). No Holm\u2010adjusted pairwise differences were detected among restored conditions, whereas each restored condition differed from the unrestored reference (adjusted\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0195\u20130.0410).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Under the controlled conditions of this feasibility study, standardised bitewing radiographs of restored artificial teeth provided sufficient visibility for faculty observers to visualise the four prespecified restorative features. These findings establish preliminary technical feasibility only; they do not establish diagnostic accuracy, restoration quality, educational benefit, assessment reliability, or grading validity. Larger and balanced studies using student\u2010performed restorations, clinically realistic comparators, prespecified defect categories and formal reliability and learning\u2010outcome analyses are required.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.70314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:23:28Z","timestamp":1790666608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Standardised Radiographic Visualisation in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry: A Feasibility Study Using Artificial Teeth"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Estay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento of Patology and Oral Medicine Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roque","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert","family":"Jorquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Los Andes Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1465-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Bersezio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-4648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo F.","family":"Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-08252-x","article-title":"The Impact of Preclinical Education on Operative and Restorative Skills in Dental Students: A Survey\u2010Based Evaluation","volume":"25","author":"T\u00fcrke\u015f Ba\u015faran E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061076","article-title":"Determinants of Clinical Decision Making Under Uncertainty in Dentistry: A Scoping Review","volume":"13","author":"Murdoch A. 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