{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:23:20Z","timestamp":1790429000644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In response to oxidative stress and during apoptosis, cells often shed microparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s), submicron elements carrying phosphatidylserine and protein antigens. Glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010deficient cells are extremely sensitive to oxidative damage that may lead to the formation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s. To determine whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency alters membrane phospholipid asymmetry and increases <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s production, we determined the concentrations and cellular origins of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010deficient individuals using flow cytometry. G6PD\u2010deficient individuals showed an increase in circulating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s concentrations as compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010normal individuals [1051\/\u03bcL (865\u20132532\/\u03bcL) vs. 258\/\u03bcL (235\u2013575\/\u03bcL), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01]. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s concentrations were significantly increased with the severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency. Median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s concentrations from individuals with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency, and individuals with moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency were 2567\/\u03bcL (1216\u20132532\/\u03bcL) and 984\/\u03bcL (685\u20132107\/\u03bcL), respectively (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). Importantly, G6PD enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with MPs concentrations with <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.731. MPs found in G6PD deficiency individuals were largely derived from red blood cells (RBCs) (45%) and platelets (30%). Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy was used to study the morphology and measures the diameter of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s found in G6PD\u2010deficient individuals. The mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) width and height of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMP<\/jats:styled-content>s were 0. 41 (0.18) and 2.04 (0.14) \u03bcm, respectively. Together, these results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content> concentration is significantly correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> enzymatic activity and is increased in G6PD\u2010deficient as compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010normal individuals. Our data also provide an evidence for an alteration in cell membrane associated with a decreased in G6PD activity. However, the significance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MP<\/jats:styled-content>s in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>6<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency needs further clarification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T20:51:41Z","timestamp":1346532701000},"page":"423-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Red cell and platelet\u2010derived microparticles are increased in G6<scp>PD<\/scp>\u2010deficient subjects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Duangdao","family":"Nantakomol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attakorn","family":"Palasuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Chaowanathikhom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suphan","family":"Soogarun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microscopy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Imwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics Faculty of Tropical Medicine 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