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Nevertheless, over time many patients relapse and develop resistance to treatment, and efforts are needed to overcome drug resistance. The widely used malaria drug artesunate has been reported to have antitumor activity, and we aimed to test the effects of artesunate on a panel of myeloma and lymphoma cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myeloma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLBCL<\/jats:styled-content> cell lines were treated with artesunate <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The effects of artesunate treatment were evaluated using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> content measurements for proliferation and annexin V\/propidium iodide labeling for apoptosis. Western blotting was used to look for artesunate\u2010induced protein changes. In addition, we measured artesunate effects on patient myeloma cells in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artesunate treatment efficiently inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in cell lines. Apoptosis was induced concomitantly with downregulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MYC<\/jats:styled-content> and anti\u2010apoptotic Bcl\u20102 family proteins, as well as with cleavage of caspase\u20103. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>50 values of artesunate in cell lines varied between 0.3 and 16.6\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. Furthermore, some primary myeloma cells were also sensitive to artesunate at doses around 10\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. Concentrations of this order are pharmacologically relevant as they can be obtained in plasma after intravenous administration of artesunate for malaria treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that artesunate is a potential drug for treatment of multiple myeloma and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLBCL<\/jats:styled-content> at doses of the same order as currently in use for treatment of malaria without serious adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T04:44:55Z","timestamp":1374468295000},"page":"339-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Lymphoma and myeloma cells are highly sensitive to growth arrest and apoptosis induced by artesunate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Toril","family":"Holien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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