{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:12:26Z","timestamp":1696313546535},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>) occurs without other symptoms, although monoclonal proteins can cause kidney injuries. Here, we assessed kidney function and identified the best follow\u2010up parameters in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> without kidney damage symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> were included in the study group. The control group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRT<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a023) consisted of healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Serum cystatin C was determined using an immunonephelometric method, serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>) was measured with an immunoenzymatic method, and cathepsin B activity was determined fluorometrically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum cystatin C and urine NGAL were higher, and serum NGAL was lower in MGUS patients compared with CRT. Neither serum cystatin C, nor serum or urine NGAL, correlated with the biomarkers of MGUS. The serum activity of cathepsin B did not differ between groups and did not correlate with serum cystatin C. Serum cystatin C correlated with serum creatinine, while serum NGAL did not correlate with serum creatinine or cystatin C. The estimated glomerular filtration rates (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content>s) in MGUS were within normal range and correlated with serum cystatin C. The strongest correlation was observed for CKD\u2010EPI. Seven patients presented with albuminuria &gt;30\u00a0mg\/day. There was a correlation between albuminuria in this group and <jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic> free light chains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The kidney function in MGUS patients is impaired, although there are no clinical and standard laboratory test manifestations. Cystatin C and urine, but not serum, NGAL should be considered markers for kidney injury. CKD\u2010EPI is recommended for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eGFR<\/jats:styled-content> assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,21]],"date-time":"2014-07-21T08:39:06Z","timestamp":1405931946000},"page":"162-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum cystatin C and serum and urine <scp>NGAL<\/scp> in the kidney function assessment of patients with <scp>MGUS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Stelmach\u2010Goldys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Holycross Cancer Center Kielce Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bozena","family":"Czarkowska\u2010Paczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Wyczalkowska\u2010Tomasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Paczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw 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