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Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and adjusted for gender and age by logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant association between a personal history of smoking and the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content>s compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLL<\/jats:styled-content> were observed for all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.73, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.25\u20132.40) and for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content> 2008 classified <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.64, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.16\u20132.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No other larger case\u2013control study has described a positive association between the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content> and a history of smoking in the general <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content> population. This association might be explained by the chronic inflammatory state and oxidative stress in response to smoking, eliciting genomic instability in the stem cell compartment and ultimately clonal evolution resulting in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPN<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T11:54:50Z","timestamp":1442577290000},"page":"63-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Smoking and philadelphia\u2010negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Lindholm S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Carl","family":"Hasselbalch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2179"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(97)00648-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra063728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-03-209262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-014-0228-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-394775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.020412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0308-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.10.2167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp074"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.942910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410040037006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2013.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(93)90071-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-7115-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6649.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.11.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"ChristensenAI DavidsenM EkholmO HansenSE HolstM JuelK.The National Healthprofile2010.http:\/\/www.sundhedsprofil2010.dk; 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