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The efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>2 may be partly mediated by modulation of immune cells, which was investigated in twenty patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ET<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014). The frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was significantly increased during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>2 treatment in all patients (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). A significant expansion of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>bright<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0002) and a concomitant decrease in the frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>56<jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001) were also detected. Myeloid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mDC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and plasmacytoid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DC<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pDC<\/jats:styled-content>s) were studied in nine patients, and decreased frequencies of both cell types were observed during the course of treatment. On both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mDC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pDC<\/jats:styled-content>s, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABC<\/jats:styled-content> expression was upregulated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003), but decreasing expression levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> was detected on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mDC<\/jats:styled-content>s. The expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>40 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.002), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>83 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.03), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>86 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) increased, but was confined to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pDC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression was reduced on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mDC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003) and increased on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pDC<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). No significant correlations were found between the changes in immune cells and hematological or molecular responses achieved in our cohort of patients. So forth, it remains to be revealed whether the profound changes in circulating immune cells contribute to the beneficial effects of long\u2010term <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>2 treatment in some patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,19]],"date-time":"2015-09-19T09:59:27Z","timestamp":1442656767000},"page":"83-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Interferon\u2010\u03b1 induces marked alterations in circulating regulatory T cells, <scp>NK<\/scp> cell subsets, and dendritic cells in patients with <scp>JAK<\/scp>2V617F\u2010positive essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Caroline H.","family":"Riley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Immune Therapy Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K.","family":"Brimnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Inflammation Research Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Immune Therapy Herlev Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten Krogh","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Roskilde Hospital University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans C.","family":"Hasselbalch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Roskilde Hospital University of Copenhagen 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