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We report the case of patient initially suffering from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> of the IgG lambda subtype for more than 10 yr, which evolved to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDS<\/jats:styled-content> with deletion (5q) with severe pancytopenia. Due to pancytopenia, he received dose\u2010reduced treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. He achieved an ongoing transfusion independency after about 1 month of treatment. Bone marrow taken 14 months after start of treatment showed a complete cytogenetic response of the del(5q) clone and a plasma cell infiltration below 5%. In contrast to the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> patients, the subsequent occurrence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDS<\/jats:styled-content> after diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> is infrequent. Moreover, the biological association of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDS<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> is not sufficiently understood, but the non\u2010treatment\u2010related occurrence supports the pathogenetic role of pre\u2010existing alterations of stem cells. Here, we summarize data on concomitant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> with particular emphasis on molecular aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T18:54:52Z","timestamp":1479322492000},"page":"302-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Concomitant <scp>MDS<\/scp> with isolated 5q deletion and <scp>MGUS<\/scp>: case report and review of molecular aspects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Nolte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology St. Hedwig Hospital Berlin 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