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Patients with multiple myeloma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a0102), smoldering <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMM<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a05), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a028), and Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content>, n\u00a0=\u00a012) were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We verified a significant correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 and standard monoclonal protein (mp)\u2010parameters, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010increases with higher disease stage and unfavorable remission status. In patients with difficult to quantify mp, more abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010 than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, immunoglobulin\u2010, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SFLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010results were found. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content>, a pathological <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content> \u03ba\/\u03bb\u2010ratio and M\u2010component were observed in 95% and 58%, respectively. In 21\/28 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content> and 5\/5 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMM<\/jats:styled-content> patients, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content> \u03ba\/\u03bb\u2010ratios were abnormal. Testing different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content> cutoffs, patients with extreme <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content> values showed impaired progression\u2010free survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the fact that different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients were included, the assessment of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunoassay in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SMM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> MM<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WM<\/jats:styled-content>, our comparison with standard mp\u2010assays, and relevant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFS<\/jats:styled-content> differences may excite future applications, which should be confirmed in prospective multicenter trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T16:36:39Z","timestamp":1504888599000},"page":"449-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The serum heavy\/light chain immunoassay: A valuable tool for sensitive paraprotein assessment, risk, and disease monitoring in monoclonal gammopathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Greil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology &amp; 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