{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:52Z","timestamp":1787014132596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1034534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1034534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000278","name":"Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["204139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medicines that exert oxidative pressure on red blood cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) deficiency. Due to X\u2010chromosome inactivation, females heterozygous for G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with 1 allele encoding a G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010deficient protein and the other a normal protein produce 2\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      populations each expressing exclusively 1 allele. The G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mosaic is not captured with routine G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An open\u2010source software tool for G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      cytofluorometric data interpretation is described. The tool interprets data in terms of % bright\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , or cells with normal G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activity in specimens collected from 2 geographically and ethnically distinct populations, an African American cohort (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and a Karen and Burman ethnic cohort (Thailand) comprising 242 specimens including 89 heterozygous females.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The tool allowed comparison of data across 2 laboratories and both populations. Hemizygous normal or deficient males and homozygous normal or deficient females cluster at narrow % bright cells with mean values of 96%, or 6% (males) and 97%, or 2% (females), respectively. Heterozygous females show a distribution of 10\u201085% bright cells and a mean of 50%. The distributions are associated with the severity of the G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      mutation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consistent cytofluorometric G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      analysis facilitates interlaboratory comparison of cellular G6\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      profiles and contributes to understanding primaquine\u2010associated hemolytic risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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