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Using the nationwide Swedish Patient registry, we identified MGUS cases with versus without an autoimmune disease present at the time of MGUS diagnosis and estimated their risk of progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5612 (29.1%) MGUS cases had preceding autoimmune diseases. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found the risk of progression from MGUS to MM (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.83, 95% CI 0.73\u20100.94) and LPs (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.84, 95% CI 0.75\u20100.94) to be significantly lower in MGUS cases with prior autoimmune disease (compared to MGUS cases without).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large population\u2010based study, a history of autoimmune disease was associated with a reduced risk of progression from MGUS to MM\/other LPs. Potential underlying reason is that MGUS caused by chronic antigen stimulation is biologically less likely to undergo the genetic events that trigger progression. Our results may have implications in clinical counseling for patients with MGUS and underlying autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T07:10:47Z","timestamp":1607584247000},"page":"380-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Autoimmune disease is associated with a lower risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Theod\u00f3ra R\u00fan","family":"Baldursd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Landsp\u00edtali National University Hospital Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00deorvar\u00f0ur J\u00f3n","family":"L\u00f6ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landsp\u00edtali National University Hospital Reykjav\u00edk 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