{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1790477682601,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a cytokine storm syndrome associated with mortality rates of up to 88%. Standard therapy with high\u2010dose glucocorticoids and etoposide used in adults is extrapolated from pediatric trials, with significant toxicity in older patients and those with poor performance status. The JAK1\/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has recently gained attention as a treatment option for HLH due to its broad cytokine\u2010modulating abilities and safety profile. Herein we report our center's experience using ruxolitinib in the treatment of adult\u2010onset secondary HLH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case series<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report four patients with profound secondary HLH provoked by diverse triggers, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on background systemic lupus erythematosus, disseminated tuberculosis, and T\u2010cell lymphoma treated with ruxolitinib as monotherapy or combination therapy in upfront and salvage settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All four patients had rapid, sustained improvement in clinical status, inflammatory markers, and hematological cell counts followed by durable remission. Three patients developed manageable infectious complications postruxolitinib.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This series demonstrates the effective use of JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib to control pathological immune activation in critically ill patients with secondary HLH and otherwise limited therapeutic options. JAK inhibition is also an area of urgent investigation for the treatment of cytokine storm associated with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T18:31:16Z","timestamp":1612290676000},"page":"654-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Ruxolitinib as adjunctive therapy for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"Alduaij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Lymphoid Cancer British Columbia Cancer Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy &amp; Immunology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Belga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Luecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Lymphoid Cancer British Columbia Cancer Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Merkeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9551-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke Y. C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Hematology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2018894618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-684399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-02-700013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30156-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.222471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3254-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017012310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30223-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03006-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30600-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","article-title":"Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in Covid\u201019","author":"The GenOMICC Investigators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2031994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe4724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"HintonD.Baricitinib Emergency Use Authorization Letter. 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