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Soluble forms (sPD\u20101\/sPD\u2010L1\/sPD\u2010L2) exist in the peripheral blood, but their biological and clinical significance is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time\u2010resolved immunofluorometric assay (TRIFMA) and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure sPD\u20101, sPD\u2010L1, and sPD\u2010L2 levels in serum from 131 lymphoma patients and 22 healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients had higher sPD\u20101 and sPD\u2010L2 levels than healthy individuals. In diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma, patients with high International Prognostic Index score had higher sPD\u20101 levels and sPD\u2010L2 levels correlated with subtype according to cell of origin. Compared to other lymphoma types, follicular lymphoma displayed higher sPD\u20101 and lower sPD\u2010L1 levels along with lower ligand\/receptor ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to simultaneously characterize pretherapeutic sPD\u20101, sPD\u2010L1, and sPD\u2010L2 in a variety of lymphoma subtypes. The relation between higher sPD\u20101 levels and adverse prognostic factors suggests a possible biological role and potential clinical usefulness of sPD\u20101. Moreover, the reverse expression pattern in follicular lymphoma and T\u2010cell lymphoma\/leukemia may reflect biological information relevant for immunotherapy targeting the PD\u20101 pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T17:15:38Z","timestamp":1615828538000},"page":"81-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (sPD\u20101) and the soluble programmed cell death ligands 1 and 2 (sPD\u2010L1 and sPD\u2010L2) in lymphoid malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1692-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie B.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus 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