{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:04:51Z","timestamp":1789009491943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of a randomized trial comparing carfilzomib (K) <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> elotuzumab (Elo) associated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) prompted us to assess the relative usefulness of one triplet over the other. Five independent retrospective cohorts of 883 relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients, including 300 EloRd and 583\u00a0KRd cases, outside clinical trials, entered this non\u2010randomized comparison. KRd cohort accounted for a higher incidence of younger patients, cases with \u22653\u00a0lines of therapy, already exposed to lenalidomide, International Staging System (ISS) stage III, and abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level compared with EloRd cohort. Moreover, cytogenetic risk categories, detected in roughly one\u2010third of cases, were equally distributed between the two therapy arms. The probability of CR+VGPR response was significantly higher in KRd (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0314, 53.9%) than in EloRd patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0111, 37.0%). Likewise, the cumulative incidence function of CR+VGPR, taking into account the competitive risk of death, was significantly higher in KRd arm patients than those in the EloRd arm (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). Moreover, KRd treatment significantly reduced the progression or death risk by 46% in an adjusted multivariate analysis (HR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.42\u20130.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Finally, in an adjusted illness\u2010progression\/death model, the effect of KRd <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> EloRd was of higher magnitude among those who achieved CR+VGPR (\u221239% hazard ratio reduction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02) than among those who achieved\u00a0&lt;\u00a0VGPR (\u221229% hazard ratio reduction, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.007). With limitations characteristic to any retrospective analysis, this current clinical practice study's overall results demonstrated potential benefits of KRd therapy compared with EloRd. This observation may help the daily clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T12:56:26Z","timestamp":1635598586000},"page":"178-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adjusted comparison between elotuzumab and carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fortunato","family":"Morabito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biothecnology Research Unit AO of Cosenza  Cosenza Italy"},{"name":"Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Hemato\u2010Oncology Department Augusta Victoria Hospital  East Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Zamagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia \"Ser\u00e0gnoli\"  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale Universit\u00e0 di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Conticello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Azienda Policlinico\u2010OVE University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Hospital Card. 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