{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:34:04Z","timestamp":1790386444129,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myeloid differentiation in blasts is distinguished by the presence of one or more needle\u2010shaped crystalline structures called Auer rods. Auer rods manifest either alone or as faggot cells (containing bundles of Auer rods) in various types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic\/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS\/MPN). Their presence largely portends a better prognosis in AML (as markers of maturation\/differentiation) and upstages cases of MDS and MDS\/MPN. Observation of these rods in residual blasts in treated cases of AML indicates an absence of remission. This article traces their historical discovery and examines their pathogenetic intricacies, as well as our current understanding of their relevance in myeloid neoplasms. Studies evaluating their prognostic impact in AML and MDS are catalogued. We also discuss a variety of other hematological and non\u2010hematological neoplasms where structures potentially mistakable for Auer rods have been described. Even as the diagnostic approach to hematological malignancies has evolved from a morphology\u2009+\u2009cytochemistry\u2009+\u2009immunophenotyping\u2010dependent one in the last century to a predominantly molecular genetics\u2010based classification currently, and even as high\u2010throughput sequencing and structural variation detection techniques surpass morphology in detecting clinically\u2010relevant sub\u2010categories of similar\u2010appearing tumours, we review these curious microscopic structures that have withstood the test of time with respect to their diagnostic relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T02:39:42Z","timestamp":1664505582000},"page":"14-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Auer rods and faggot cells: A review of the history, significance and mimics of two morphological curiosities of enduring relevance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7481-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tushar","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashant","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V15.4.449.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V27.4.499.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V49.5.693.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V5.9.847.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V24.3.305.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495380"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Facilitated light microscopic cytochemical diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Hanker JS","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20.12.1006"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Improvement of Phi bodies stain and its clinical significance","volume":"17","author":"Gong XB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Arber DA","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-4-620"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.5.569"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-017-0844-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.7.1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-022-04808-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16326"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3466-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199609054825"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509051706"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891201)64:11<2340::AID-CNCR2820641125>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V56.5.773.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891101)64:9<1812::AID-CNCR2820640909>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950170307"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(85)90150-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Hasserjian RP","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-021-01493-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","first-page":"80","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues","author":"Orazi A","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2017.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002492"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Corps d'Auer et chromosome Ph 1: pseudo\u2010leuc\u00e9mies my\u00e9lo\u00efdes chroniques? [Auer bodies and Ph1 chromosome: chronic myeloid pseudoleukemia?]","volume":"24","author":"Mayer S","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nouv Rev Fr Hematol (1978)"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.01023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S244905"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2019.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000205970"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13084"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0574-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1976.tb03563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","first-page":"1783","article-title":"Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias. European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL)","volume":"9","author":"Bene MC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21072"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12277"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia: morphological aspects","volume":"8","author":"Castoldi GL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Filling skeletal defects with thin plates of homogenous bone by the \u201cfaggot\u201d method","volume":"8","author":"Volkov MV","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir Plast"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Printsipy lecheniia distroficheskikh kist koste\u012d u dete\u012d","volume":"131","author":"Volkov MV","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vestn Khir Im I I Grek"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","first-page":"37P","article-title":"The faggot method: a technique for the separation of blood lymphocytes","volume":"226","author":"Greenwood B","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9100398"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/12221_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.982637"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-369835"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-018-0961-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-017-0811-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3484-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04122-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010801937894"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-013-1306-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2021.41.3.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13217"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Haematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejh.13872","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ejh.13872","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejh.13872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T18:36:37Z","timestamp":1692470197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejh.13872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejh.13872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejh.13872","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0902-4441","1600-0609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0902-4441","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}