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We investigated immune responses after three or four doses of BNT162b2 in patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies compared to controls, and identified risk factors for humoral and cellular nonresponse 1 year after first vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 407 hematological patients (45 myeloid, 362 lymphoid) and 98 matched controls, we measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor\u2010binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) at baseline, 3\u2009weeks, 2, 6, and 12 months, and interferon\u2010\u03b3 release at 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with lymphoid malignancies, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor\u2010binding domain IgG concentration and mean neutralizing capacity was lower than in controls at all time points. A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic B\u2010cell leukemia (CLL) or lymphoma was associated with humoral nonresponse at 12 months compared to having multiple myeloma\/amyloidosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013). Compared to controls, patients with lymphoid malignancies had increased risk of cellular nonresponse. A lymphoma diagnosis was associated with lower risk of cellular nonresponse compared to patients with multiple myeloma\/amyloidosis, while patients with CLL had comparable response rates to patients with multiple myeloma\/amyloidosis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.037 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.280).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, long\u2010term humoral and cellular immune responses to BNT162b2 were impaired in patients with lymphoid malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T07:05:20Z","timestamp":1683529520000},"page":"229-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Humoral and cellular immune responses after three or four doses of <scp>BNT162b2<\/scp> in patients with hematological malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Line Dam","family":"Heftdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Viro\u2010Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Biotech Research and Innovation Centre University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian Rask","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viro\u2010Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital  Copenhagen 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