{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T22:16:35Z","timestamp":1769120195501,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,30]],"date-time":"2023-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estrogen\u2010containing contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy are used commonly, however, the risks of venous and arterial thrombosis imparted by such medications during COVID\u201019 infection or other similar viral infections remain undescribed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients receiving oral estrogen\u2010containing therapy (ECT) with COVID\u201019 as compared to those receiving non\u2010estrogen\u2010based hormonal therapy, we conducted a multicenter cohort study of 991 patients with confirmed COVID\u201019 infection, 466 receiving estrogen\u2010containing hormonal therapy, and 525 receiving progestin\u2010only or topical therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of estrogen\u2010containing therapy was found to significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following COVID\u201019 diagnosis after controlling for age (HR 5.46 [95% CI 1.12\u201326.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.036]). This risk was highest in patients over age 50, with 8.6% of patients receiving estrogen\u2010containing therapy diagnosed with VTE compared to 0.9% of those receiving non\u2010estrogen\u2010based therapies (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.026). The risk of arterial thrombosis was not significantly associated with oral estrogen use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that estrogen\u2010containing therapy is associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE in COVID\u201019 patients, especially in older individuals. These findings may guide provider counseling and management of patients with COVID\u201019 on estrogen\u2010containing therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T06:51:12Z","timestamp":1690786272000},"page":"678-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estrogen\u2010based hormonal therapy and the risk of thrombosis in <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-8889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"LaVasseur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2723-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rick","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny S. 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