{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:03:03Z","timestamp":1747184583016,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011723","name":"Myeloma UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe determinants of persisting humoral and cellular immune response to the second COVID\u201019 vaccination among patients with myeloma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a prospective, observational study utilising the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/rudystudy.org\">RUDYstudy.org<\/jats:ext-link> platform. Participants reported their second and third COVID\u201019 vaccination dates. Myeloma patients had an Anti\u2010S antibody level sample taken at least 21\u2009days after their second vaccination and a repeat sample before their third vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>60 patients provided samples at least 3\u2009weeks (median 57.5\u2009days) after their second vaccination and before their third vaccination (median 176.0\u2009days after second vaccine dose). Low Anti\u2010S antibody levels (&lt;50\u2009IU\/mL) doubled during this interval (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.023) and, in the 47 participants with T\u2010spot data, there was a 25% increase negative T\u2010spot tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008). Low anti\u2013S antibody levels prior to the third vaccination were predicted by lower Anti\u2010S antibody level and negative T\u2010spot status after the second vaccine. Independent determinants of a negative T\u2010spot included increasing age, previous COVID infection, high CD4 count and lower percentage change in Anti\u2010S antibody levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Negative T\u2010spot results predict low Anti\u2010S antibody levels (&lt;50\u2009IU\/mL) following a second COVID\u201019 vaccination and a number of biomarkers predict T cell responses in myeloma patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T10:15:54Z","timestamp":1703067354000},"page":"547-553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determinants of durable humoral and T cell immunity in myeloma patients following <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6817-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement","family":"Twumasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Imperial College London  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bath Royal United Hospitals Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust  Bath UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross","family":"Sadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust  Oxford 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