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Nearly half of MDS patients carry cytogenetic alterations, with del(5q) being the most prevalent. Since its first description, del(5q) was consistently correlated with a typical clinical phenotype marked by anemia, thrombocytosis, and a low risk of evolving into acute leukemia. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes a specific subtype of MDS known as \u201cmyelodysplastic neoplasm with low blast and isolated del(5q)\u201d identified by the sole presence of 5q deletion or in combination with one other abnormality excluding \u22127\/del(7q). Several studies have sought to unravel the biological processes triggered by del(5q) in the development of MDS, revealing the involvement of various genes localized in specific regions of chromosome 5 referred to as common deleted regions (CDR). This intricate biological landscape makes the MDS cells with del(5q) exceptionally sensitive to lenalidomide. Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of lenalidomide in this context. Regrettably, the response to lenalidomide is not conclusive, prompting ongoing research into biological mechanisms that drive patients toward leukemia and strategies to circumvent lenalidomide resistance and disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T06:57:47Z","timestamp":1706684267000},"page":"860-869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Myelodysplastic syndromes del(5q): Pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9456-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Bruzzese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onco\u2010hematology Hematology Unit, A.O. of Cosenza  Cosenza 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