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We evaluated socio\u2010demographic and cancer\u2010related characteristics, decision\u2010making rationales, and overall survival in patients with three common HMs\u2015diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (DLBCL), symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML)\u2015who do not receive cancer\u2010directed treatment, using the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. A total of 26\u2009945 patients diagnosed with DLBCL (47%), symptomatic MM (29%), or AML (25%) between 2014 and 2021 were included. About 16% of the patients did not receive cancer\u2010directed treatment, ranging from 26% in AML to 15% in DLBCL and 10% in MM. The primary reason for not receiving cancer\u2010directed treatment in all three HMs was related to physical condition. The second main reason was patient\/family choice in DLBCL and MM, whereas in AML it was rapid disease progression. In female patients, patient\/family choice was a more prevalent reason for not receiving cancer\u2010directed treatment than in male patients. Patients with a lower socio\u2010economic position more often did not receive cancer\u2010directed treatment. Median OS varied by reason for not receiving cancer\u2010directed treatment, with the shortest OS in patients experiencing rapid disease progression or death before treatment initiation (0\u00b74 to 0\u00b76\u2009months).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T23:14:54Z","timestamp":1738192494000},"page":"872-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors and Considerations in No\u2010Treatment Decisions in Patients With Key Hematological Malignancies: A Nationwide, Population\u2010Based Study in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7123-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrte","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Development Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine St. Jans Gasthuis  Weert the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf A. 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