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We aimed to study sex\u2010specific differences in anemic patients with inflammation and their influence on iron biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cross\u2010sectional study included anemic patients with inflammation (CRP &gt;\u20095\u2009mg\/L) hospitalized at a Swiss tertiary referral center (01.01.2020\u201331.12.2023). ID was defined as ferritin\u2010index (sTfR\/log(ferritin))\u2009\u2265\u20091.5. Patient characteristics were reported as medians for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables. Age, laboratory parameters, treatment, comorbidities, illness severity, and in\u2010hospital mortality were analyzed. Sex\u2010specific effects on ID biomarkers (ferritin\u2010index, sTfR) were assessed using linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 439 participants, 41.2% were female. 44.2% had ID (women: 49.7%, men: 40.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.052). Regression models showed no association between log(ferritin\u2010index) and sex (coefficient 0.02, 95% CI \u22120.13 to 0.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.76). Ferritin levels were lower in women (221.0 vs. 373\u2009\u03bcg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014). No sex differences in in\u2010hospital mortality were observed (women 7.2%, men 4.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.21).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite no significant sex differences regarding ID biomarkers, treatment, illness severity, and mortality, we hypothesize that factors beyond sex, for example underlying diseases and inflammation itself, play a more prominent role in these patients' outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.14431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T07:57:56Z","timestamp":1746777476000},"page":"153-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron Deficiency in the Presence of Anemia and Inflammation\u2014A Sex\u2010Specific Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8044-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Tinner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Lucerne Cantonal Hospital  Lucerne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6397-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene G.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Lucerne Cantonal Hospital  Lucerne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Methodology Clinical Trials Unit Central Switzerland  Lucerne Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine University 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