{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:21:31Z","timestamp":1784118091475,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relapsed\/refractory (R\/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients with high\u2010risk features or prior exposure to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis). The advent of T\u2010cell\u2013redirecting immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell (CAR\u2010T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), has transformed the treatment landscape. CAR\u2010T therapies, such as brexu\u2010cel and liso\u2010cel, induce high overall response rates and durable remissions, even in heavily pretreated or BTKi\u2010refractory patients. However, CAR\u2010T administration is limited by logistical constraints, the need for bridging therapy, and the risk of severe toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). BsAbs, targeting CD20 and CD3, offer an off\u2010the\u2010shelf, repeatable immunotherapeutic option suitable for outpatient use, with generally manageable toxicities. Step\u2010up dosing, corticosteroids, and anti\u2010IL6 therapy mitigate CRS, while hematologic toxicity and infections require vigilant monitoring. Clinical data indicate that BsAbs are active in both CAR\u2010T\u2013na\u00efve and post\u2010CAR\u2010T settings, providing disease control in patients ineligible for immediate CAR\u2010T therapy. Emerging evidence supports rational sequencing and combinatorial strategies to optimize outcomes. BsAbs may be employed as a bridge to CAR\u2010T, or CAR\u2010T may be used to consolidate BsAb\u2010induced remissions. Combination regimens, including CAR\u2010T or BsAbs with BTK inhibitors or other targeted agents, are under investigation to enhance the depth and durability of response. In conclusion, CAR\u2010T and BsAbs are complementary modalities in R\/R MCL. Individualized therapeutic sequencing and rational combinations, tailored to disease biology and patient characteristics, represent the next frontier for improving long\u2010term outcomes in this historically high\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T01:10:31Z","timestamp":1762737031000},"page":"129-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["T\u2010Cell\u2013Redirecting Immunotherapies in Relapsed\/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Current Evidence, Sequencing, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Santino","family":"Caserta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Onco\u2010Haematology Haematology Unit  Cosenza Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica 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