{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:07:23Z","timestamp":1790856443159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system may influence the outcomes of T cell\u2010driven cancer immunotherapies. However, clinical studies supporting microbiota\u2010based interventions in chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell (CAR\u2010T) therapy remain scarce. This study included 30 adult patients with B\u2010cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi\u2010cel) or 4\u20101BB investigational product. Shotgun metagenomics sequencing (SMS) of fecal samples, collected before lymphodepletion and 1\u2009month post infusion, enabled species\u2010level resolution. We also trained 25 microbiome\u2010based machine\u2010learning (ML) models for response prediction. Neither prior \u201chigh\u2010risk\u201d antibiotics exposure nor alpha diversity influenced toxicity, response, or survival. However, dysbiosis was observed between 11 healthy controls and patients, particularly in those treated with axi\u2010cel. SMS identified species associated with clinical outcomes. Increased abundance of\n Alistipes senegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n Alistipes onderdonkii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n correlated with lower neurotoxicity and improved survival, respectively.\n \n Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with reduced cytokine release syndrome, whereas\n \n Bifidobacterium adolescentis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n correlated with poorer survival. ML models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with some identifying non\u2010responders using only six species selected by the Boruta method (\n \n Bacteroides xylanisolvens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n Eubacteriaceae bacterium Marseille\u2010Q4139<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Negativibacillus massiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Sellimonas intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n ). These findings deepen current knowledge and support prospective microbiota\u2010based strategies in CAR\u2010T therapy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:24:08Z","timestamp":1769412248000},"page":"646-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microbiome\u2010Based Modeling of\n CAR<\/scp>\n \u2010T Therapy Response in Lymphoma: Insights From Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-8076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Hernani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario INCLIVA Research Institute Valencia 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