{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:42:26Z","timestamp":1790710946059,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anemia of chronic disease (ACD), also referred to as anemia of inflammation, is a prevalent and clinically significant complication of chronic infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by inflammation\u2010driven iron sequestration, impaired erythropoietin (EPO) production and signaling, and suppression of effective erythropoiesis. Current therapies (iron supplementation and erythropoiesis\u2010stimulating agents) often address downstream consequences and may be limited by hepcidin\u2010driven functional iron deficiency, cytokine\u2010mediated EPO resistance, and safety concerns in vulnerable populations. This review re\u2010examines ACD through an integrated framework of hepcidin dysregulation, iron sequestration, and inflammatory inhibition of the EPO axis. We then synthesize emerging evidence that sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors produce sustained increases in hemoglobin\/hematocrit beyond transient hemoconcentration across cardiovascular and kidney disease trials, including in non\u2010diabetic populations. Mechanistic studies suggest a coordinated biologic response that may include reduced hepcidin, improved iron mobilization, physiologic augmentation of endogenous EPO, and attenuation of systemic inflammation\u2014pathways directly relevant to ACD. We critically re\u2010appraise current ACD paradigms by contrasting downstream \u201creplacement\u201d strategies (iron and ESAs) with pathway\u2010level approaches (HIF\u2010PHIs and SGLT2 inhibition), and we outline biomarker\u2010guided study designs to test whether SGLT2 inhibition may act as an adjunctive physiologic modulator of iron\u2013erythropoietic crosstalk in well\u2010phenotyped inflammatory anemia cohorts, while emphasizing that current evidence remains hypothesis\u2010generating rather than practice\u2010changing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:04:27Z","timestamp":1776132267000},"page":"296-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anemia of Chronic Disease Revisited: Hepcidin Dysregulation, Erythropoietic Failure, and Emerging Roles of\n                    <scp>SGLT2<\/scp>\n                    Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdulgayoom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awni","family":"Alshurafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2613-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha","family":"Kaddoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1393-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman F.","family":"Al\u2010Mashdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehab F.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR) Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041809"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-856500"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420945"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Hepcidin and Iron Homeostasis. 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