{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:05:46Z","timestamp":1789751146475,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Eosinophilia, defined as an absolute eosinophil count (AEC) of \u2265\u20090.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L, is a frequently encountered finding with a vast spectrum of potential underlying etiologies. Hypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as AEC\u2009&gt;\u20091.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L and may become life\u2010threatening when eosinophil\u2010induced organ damage occurs, defining the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Among the many causes of HE, rare hematological malignancies, in particular the \u201cmyeloid\/lymphoid neoplasms (MLN) with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase (TK) gene fusions,\u201d represent phenotypically and prognostically heterogeneous and challenging entities. For this reason, the evaluation of HE constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In this review, we provide a concise overview of eosinophil biology, highlight their physiological role as regulators of immunity, tissue homeostasis, and inflammation, their involvement in diseases affecting nearly all organ systems, and in hematological malignancies in particular. Furthermore, we present a practical, stepwise diagnostic approach to HE, emphasizing early recognition of eosinophil\u2010mediated organ dysfunction to initiate timely treatment, as well as red flags that should raise further hematologic evaluation, including molecular and cytogenetic investigations to identify an underlying clonal disorder. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying etiology and range from supportive care, over corticosteroids to targeted biological therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:48:32Z","timestamp":1788259712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Eosinophilia and Hypereosinophilia: A Practical Approach to Navigating a Broad Differential Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stijn","family":"Wigerinck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Hematology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vandenberghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Malignant Disorders KU Leuven  Leuven 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