{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:43:24Z","timestamp":1792489404053,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J of Haematology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatitis\u2010associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a rare but life\u2010threatening subtype of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) that predominantly affects children and adolescents, characterized by bone marrow failure developing weeks to months following acute hepatitis. Although HAAA accounts for a small proportion of AA cases, it presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and remains poorly understood. Most cases are seronegative, with no identifiable viral pathogen, supporting an immune\u2010mediated pathophysiology. Emerging evidence implicates dysregulated cytotoxic T\u2010cell activation, reduced regulatory T\u2010cell function, and a shared immune target within hepatic and hematopoietic tissues. HAAA follows a variable course of hepatitis and pancytopenia, which necessitates a high index of suspicion and thorough evaluation to exclude inherited and secondary causes of bone marrow failure. Management strategies are largely extrapolated from severe AA and include supportive care, immunosuppressive therapy with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While outcomes have improved with modern therapy, relapse, treatment failure, and clonal evolution remain challenges. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and outcomes of pediatric HAAA, highlighting critical gaps in evidence and the need for prospective studies to guide risk stratification and therapy optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:29:50Z","timestamp":1792488590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis\u2010Associated Aplastic Anemia in Children and Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts 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