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Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content>) to investigate whether perceptual experience modulates the cortical circuits involved in visual awareness. Using ambiguous visual stimuli (binocular rivalry or ambiguous structure\u2010from\u2010motion) we were able to disentangle the co\u2010occurring influences of stimulus repetition and perceptual repetition. For both types of ambiguous stimuli we observed that the mere repetition of the stimulus evoked an entirely different pattern of activity modulations than the repetition of a particular perceptual interpretation of the stimulus. Regarding stimulus repetition, decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">fMRI<\/jats:styled-content> responses were evident during binocular rivalry but weaker during 3\u2010D motion rivalry. Perceptual repetition, on the other hand, entailed increased activity in stimulus\u2010specific visual brain regions \u2013 for binocular rivalry in the early visual regions and for ambiguous structure\u2010from\u2010motion in both early as well as higher visual regions. This indicates that the repeated activation of a visual network mediating a particular percept facilitated its later reactivation. Perceptual repetition was also associated with a response change in the parietal cortex that was similar for the two types of ambiguous stimuli, possibly relating to the temporal integration of perceptual information. We suggest that perceptual repetition is associated with a facilitation of neural activity within and between percept\u2010specific visual networks and parietal networks involved in the temporal integration of perceptual information, thereby enhancing the stability of previously experienced percepts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,3]],"date-time":"2012-10-03T07:29:05Z","timestamp":1349249345000},"page":"3718-3731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Perceptual experience modulates cortical circuits involved in visual awareness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Maartje C.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Kourtzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Lab University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"van Ee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Brain, Body &amp; Behavior Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Psychology University of Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics Donders Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04207.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4171-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4593-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/85179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317362029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/87470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.6.2382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369525a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonlinear event\u2010related responses in fMRI","volume":"394","author":"Friston K.J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mag. 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