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Previously, high\u2010frequency stimulation of the rat entopeduncular nucleus, a basal ganglia output nucleus, elicited an increase in [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub> to 18\u00a0m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>,<jats:italic> in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we assessed whether elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> can elicit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like therapeutic effects in hemiparkinsonian rats by employing the limb\u2010use asymmetry test and the self\u2010adjusting stepping test. We then identified how these effects were meditated with <jats:italic>in\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic> electrophysiology. Forelimb akinesia improved in hemiparkinsonian rats undergoing both tests after 20\u00a0m<jats:sc>m <\/jats:sc><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>l injection into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r) or the subthalamic nucleus. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r, neuronal spiking activity decreased from 38.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2 to 14.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0Hz and attenuated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r beta\u2010frequency (12\u201330\u00a0Hz) oscillations after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> treatment. These oscillations are commonly associated with akinesia\/bradykinesia in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and animal models of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>. Pressure ejection of 20\u00a0m<jats:sc>m <\/jats:sc><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>l onto <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r neurons <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> caused a depolarisation block and sustained quiescence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r activity. In conclusion, our data showed that elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> injection into the hemiparkinsonian rat <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r improved forelimb akinesia, which coincided with a decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r neuronal spiking activity and desynchronised activity in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SN<\/jats:styled-content>r beta frequency, and subsequently an overall increase in ventral medial thalamic neuronal activity. Moreover, these findings also suggest that elevated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> may provide an ionic mechanism that can contribute to the therapeutic effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content> for the motor treatment of advanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,5]],"date-time":"2012-11-05T02:41:41Z","timestamp":1352083301000},"page":"231-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Elevated potassium provides an ionic mechanism for deep brain stimulation in the hemiparkinsonian rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Calos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Molho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center Albany Medical Center Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Brotchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Imaging and Behavioural Systems Toronto Western Research Institute Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Carlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Division of Fundamental Neurobiology Department of Medicine (Neurology) Toronto Western Research Institute Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian S.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1992.11740011","article-title":"In vitro evidence supporting two mechanisms of action for the anion transport inhibitor L\u2010644,711 in cerebral ischaemia","volume":"14","author":"Bednar M.M.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol. 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