{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:16:19Z","timestamp":1791177379299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]],"date-time":"2013-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ehabilitation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>aming <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ystem (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGS<\/jats:styled-content>) has been designed as a flexible, virtual\u2010reality (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based device for rehabilitation of neurological patients. Recently, training of visuomotor processing with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGS<\/jats:styled-content> was shown to effectively improve arm function in acute and chronic stroke patients. It is assumed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based training protocol related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGS<\/jats:styled-content> creates conditions that aid recovery by virtue of the human mirror neuron system. Here, we provide evidence for this assumption by identifying the brain areas involved in controlling the catching of approaching colored balls in the virtual environment of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGS<\/jats:styled-content>. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of 18 right\u2010handed healthy subjects (24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0years) in both active and imagination conditions. We observed that the imagery of target catching was related to activation of frontal, parietal, temporal, cingulate and cerebellar regions. We interpret these activations in relation to object processing, attention, mirror mechanisms, and motor intention. Active catching followed an anticipatory mode, and resulted in significantly less activity in the motor control areas. Our results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis underlying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RGS<\/jats:styled-content> that this novel neurorehabilitation approach engages human mirror mechanisms that can be employed for visuomotor training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T21:13:17Z","timestamp":1361221997000},"page":"1441-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of visuomotor processing in a virtual reality\u2010based paradigm: Rehabilitation Gaming System"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Prochnow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Berm\u00fadez i Badia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute Universidade da Madeira Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Duff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPECS Laboratory Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Brunheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kleiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiology County Hospital Wagner\u2010Jauregg Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. F. M. J.","family":"Verschure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPECS Laboratory Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institute of Advanced Studies (ICREA) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-005-0276-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00146965-200603000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307301769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-7-48"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Virtual reality based rehabilitation speeds up functional recovery of the upper extremities after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study in the acute phase of stroke using the Rehabilitation Gaming System","volume":"29","author":"Cameir\u00e3o M.S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neuros."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.653196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200003000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968305283053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.10.1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80758-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.105.3.803-826","article-title":"Effect of mental imagery on the development of skilled motor actions","volume":"105","author":"Fontani G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Percept. Motor Skill."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309354536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200101)12:1<1::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"12","author":"Grez\u00e8s J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70039-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-980X(94)00279-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05258.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09477-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404100365180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"501","article-title":"Mental practice improves hand function after hemiparetic stroke","volume":"25","author":"M\u00fcller K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neuros."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308326427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309335974"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"Prochnow D. Badia S.B. Duff A. Schmidt J. Brunheim S. Kleiser R. Seitz R.J.&Verschure P.F.(2011)Rehabilitation Gaming System \u2013 neural correlates of visuomotor transformations in actual and imagined target catching. Program No. 815.13. 2011 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Society for Neuroscience Washington DC 2011. Online."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Action observation and mirror neuron network: a tool for motor stroke rehabilitation","volume":"48","author":"Sale P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.8.1354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328334c84d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00862.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"2254","volume":"2011","author":"Verschure P.F.M.J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"The distributed adaptive control theory of the mind, brain, body nexus","volume":"1","author":"Verschure P.F.M.J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"BICA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968307302438"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fejn.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ejn.12157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1697399486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ejn.12157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ejn.12157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.12157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-816X","1460-9568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-816X","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-9568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}