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Multiple pre\u2010sympathetic pathways converge on spinally projecting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content> neurons, but the origin and circumstances in which such inputs are active are poorly understood. We have previously shown that input from the contralateral brainstem contributes to the baseline activity of this population: in the current study we investigate the distribution, phenotype and functional properties of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content> neurons with commissural projections in the rat. We firstly used retrograde transport of fluorescent microspheres to identify neurons that project to the contralateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content>. Labelled neurons were prominent in a longitudinal column that extended over 1\u00a0mm caudal from the facial nucleus and contained hybridisation products indicating enkephalin (27%), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content> (15%) and adrenaline (3%) synthesis and included 6% of bulbospinal neurons identified by transport of cholera toxin B. Anterograde transport of fluorescent dextran\u2010conjugate from the contralateral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content> revealed extensive inputs throughout the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content> that frequently terminated in close apposition with catecholaminergic and bulbospinal neurons. In urethane\u2010anaesthetised rats we verified that 28\/37 neurons antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the contralateral pressor region were spontaneously active, of which 13 had activity locked to central respiratory drive and 15 displayed ongoing tonic discharge. In six tonically active neurons sympathoexcitatory roles were indicated by spike\u2010triggered averages of splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity. We conclude that neurons in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RVLM<\/jats:styled-content> project to the contralateral brainstem, form synapses with sympathetic premotor neurons, and have functional properties consistent with sympthoexcitatory function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T10:18:45Z","timestamp":1368008325000},"page":"2504-2515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Rostroventrolateral medulla neurons with commissural projections provide input to sympathetic premotor neurons: anatomical and functional evidence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Farnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Brain Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Pilowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"McMullan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.177535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.232157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902120207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.3.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"R513","article-title":"Differential control of sympathetic nerve discharge by the brain stem","volume":"247","author":"Barman S.M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. 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