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Although the potential involvement of other glial cell type(s) cannot be excluded, astrocytes are clearly involved in this modulation. In parallel, brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>) also modulates respiratory rhythm. The currently available data on the respective roles of astrocytes and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content> in respiratory control and rhythmogenesis lead us to hypothesize that there is <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated control of the communication between neurons and astrocytes in the maintenance of a proper neuronal network capable of generating a stable respiratory rhythm. According to this hypothesis, progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ett syndrome, an autism spectrum disease with disordered breathing, can be stabilized in mouse models by re\u2010expressing the normal gene pattern in astrocytes or microglia, as well as by stimulating the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content> signaling pathway. These results illustrate how the signaling mechanisms by which glia exerts its effects in brainstem respiratory groups is of great interest for pathologies associated with neurological respiratory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T01:28:42Z","timestamp":1376270922000},"page":"3261-3269","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor interacts with astrocytes and neurons to control respiration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Caravagna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Laval University Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Qu\u00e9bec H\u00f4pital St\u2010Fran\u00e7ois d'Assise 10 Rue de l'Espinay, Room D0\u2010742 Qu\u00e9bec QC 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