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The clinical use of neurotrophic factors is difficult due to side effects and elevated costs, but other molecules might be effective and more easily obtained. Among them, some are derived from <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>annabis sativa<\/jats:italic>. Cannabidiol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>) is the major non\u2010psychotropic component found on the surface of such plant leaves. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>. Thus, 2\u2010day\u2010old Wistar rats were divided into the following experimental groups: sciatic nerve axotomy + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> group), axotomy + vehicle treatment (phosphate buffer group) and a control group (no\u2010treatment group). The results were analysed by Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTP<\/jats:styled-content> nick end labeling at 5\u00a0days post\u2010lesion. Neuronal counting revealed both motor and sensory neuron rescue following treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> (15 and 30\u00a0mg\/kg). Immunohistochemical analysis (obtained by synaptophysin staining) revealed 30% greater synaptic preservation within the spinal cord in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated group. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> administration decreased the astroglial and microglial reaction by 30 and 27%, respectively, as seen by glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 immunolabeling quantification. In line with such results, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTP<\/jats:styled-content> nick end labeling reaction revealed a reduction of apoptotic cells, mostly located in the spinal cord intermediate zone, where interneurons promote sensory\u2013motor integration. The present results show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBD<\/jats:styled-content> possesses neuroprotective characteristics that may, in turn, be promising for future clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1377482685000},"page":"3424-3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Neuroprotection and reduction of glial reaction by cannabidiol treatment after sciatic nerve transection in neonatal rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Matheus","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) CP 6109 CEP 13083\u2010970 Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzana U.","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) CP 6109 CEP 13083\u2010970 Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana P.","family":"Cartarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) CP 6109 CEP 13083\u2010970 Campinas SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"del Bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology, Physiology and Stomatology Faculty of Odontology of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco S.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre L. 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