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Accordingly, here we examined the late effects of uncontrollable stress, a presumptive model of depression and\/or traumatic disorder, on panic\u2010like behaviors evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAG<\/jats:styled-content>). Changes in anxiety and depression were also assessed in the elevated plus\u2010maze (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPM<\/jats:styled-content>) and forced\u2010swimming test (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FST<\/jats:styled-content>), respectively. Rats with electrodes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAG<\/jats:styled-content> were subjected to a 7\u2010day shuttle\u2010box one\u2010way escape yoked training with foot\u2010shocks either escapable (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content>) or inescapable (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content>). The day after the end of one\u2010way escape training, rats were trained in a two\u2010way escape novel task (test\u2010session) to ascertain the effectiveness of uncontrollable stress. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAG<\/jats:styled-content> stimulations were carried out in an open field, both before the escape training and 2 and 7\u00a0days after it, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FST<\/jats:styled-content> were performed on the 8th and 10th days afterwards, respectively. Controls were either trained with fictive shocks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FS<\/jats:styled-content>) or subjected to intracranial stimulations only. Although the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> rats performed significantly better than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content> group in the two\u2010way escape task, groups did not differ with respect to either the anxiety or depression scores. Unexpectedly, however, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content> rats showed a marked attenuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010evoked freezing and flight behaviors relative to both the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ES<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FS<\/jats:styled-content> groups, 2 and 7\u00a0days after one\u2010way escape training. The conjoint inhibition of passive (freezing) and active (flight) defensive behaviors suggests that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IS<\/jats:styled-content> inhibits a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAG<\/jats:styled-content> in\u2010built motivational system that may be implicated in depressed patients' difficulties in coping with daily\u2010life stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]],"date-time":"2013-11-05T02:22:48Z","timestamp":1383618168000},"page":"275-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long\u2010lasting marked inhibition of periaqueductal gray\u2010evoked defensive behaviors in inescapably\u2010shocked rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jeyce W.","family":"Quintino\u2010dos\u2010Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Sports Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia J. 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