{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T12:32:51Z","timestamp":1696336371140},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distinguishing a target from distractors during visual search is crucial for goal\u2010directed behaviour. The more distractors that are presented with the target, the larger is the subject's error rate. This observation defines the set\u2010size effect in visual search. Neurons in areas related to attention and eye movements, like the lateral intraparietal area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LIP<\/jats:styled-content>) and frontal eye field (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEF<\/jats:styled-content>), diminish their firing rates when the number of distractors increases, in line with the behavioural set\u2010size effect. Furthermore, human imaging studies that have tried to delineate cortical areas modulating their blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content>) response with set size have yielded contradictory results. In order to test whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> imaging of the rhesus monkey cortex yields results consistent with the electrophysiological findings and, moreover, to clarify if additional other cortical regions beyond the two hitherto implicated are involved in this process, we studied monkeys while performing a covert visual search task. When varying the number of distractors in the search task, we observed a monotonic increase in error rates when search time was kept constant as was expected if monkeys resorted to a serial search strategy. Visual search consistently evoked robust <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> activity in the monkey <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEF<\/jats:styled-content> and a region in the intraparietal sulcus in its lateral and middle part, probably involving area <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LIP<\/jats:styled-content>. Whereas the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> response in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEF<\/jats:styled-content> did not depend on set size, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LIP<\/jats:styled-content> signal increased in parallel with set size. These results demonstrate the virtue of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> imaging in monkeys when trying to delineate cortical areas underlying a cognitive process like visual search. However, they also demonstrate the caution needed when inferring neural activity from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOLD<\/jats:styled-content> activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T04:23:03Z","timestamp":1385526183000},"page":"832-840","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parietal blood oxygenation level\u2010dependent response evoked by covert visual search reflects set\u2010size effect in monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Atabaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neurology Hertie\u2010Institute for Clinical Brain Research Otfried\u2010M\u00fcller\u2010Strasse 27 72076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neurology Hertie\u2010Institute for Clinical Brain Research Otfried\u2010M\u00fcller\u2010Strasse 27 72076 T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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