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Our previous results obtained with 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) parkinsonian monkeys suggest that increased striatal expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a compensatory mechanism to alleviate PD\u2010related motor symptoms. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    expression in the striatum protects against the neurotoxic insults of MPTP in mice. To this end, recombinant adeno\u2010associated virus serotype 2 also containing green fluorescent protein was used to overexpress\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    prior to DA depletion. Our results showed that overexpression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in the striatum of MPTP mice induced: (i) increased levels of the opioid peptide enkephalin (ENK) in the striatum; (ii) higher densities of ENK\u2010positive fibers in both the globus pallidus (GP) and the substantia nigra; (iii) higher locomotor activity; and (iv) a higher density of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase\u2010positive fibers in the striatum. In addition, striatal overexpression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in MPTP \u2010treated mice led to 52 and 43% higher DA concentrations and DA turnover, respectively, in the GP compared to sham\u2010treated MPTP mice. These observations are in agreement with the idea that increased expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pENK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    at an early stage of disease can improve PD symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T09:41:11Z","timestamp":1398073271000},"page":"2406-2416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of striatal pre\u2010enkephalin overexpression in the basal ganglia of the 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Bissonnette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Neurosciences Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec CHUL 2705, boul. 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