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To determine if orexinergic mechanisms contribute to posterior hypothalamus (PH<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010induced modulation of ocular input to subnucleus caudalis\/upper cervical (Vc\/C1) neurons, the orexin\u20101 receptor antagonistSB<\/jats:styled-content>334867 was applied to the dorsal brainstem surface prior toPH<\/jats:styled-content>disinhibition, by bicuculline methiodide, in male rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Ocular input toV<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 units by bright light or hypertonic saline was markedly reduced byPH<\/jats:styled-content>disinhibition and reversed completely by localV<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 application ofSB<\/jats:styled-content>334867.O<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>applied to theV<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 surface mimicked the effects ofPH<\/jats:styled-content>disinhibition in a dose\u2010dependent manner.O<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced inhibition was prevented by co\u2010application ofSB<\/jats:styled-content>334867, but not by the orexin\u20102 receptor antagonistTCS<\/jats:styled-content>Ox2 29.PH<\/jats:styled-content>disinhibition and localO<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>application also reduced the high threshold convergent cutaneous receptive field area of ocular units, suggesting widespread effects on somatic input toV<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 ocular units.V<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 application ofO<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>orSB<\/jats:styled-content>334867 alone did not affect the background discharge of ocular units and suggested that thePH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013O<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>influence on ocular unit activity was not tonically active.V<\/jats:styled-content>c\/C<\/jats:styled-content>1 application ofO<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>orSB<\/jats:styled-content>334867 alone also did not alter mean arterial pressure, whereasPH<\/jats:styled-content>disinhibition evoked prompt and sustained increases. These results suggest that stimulus\u2010evoked increases inPH<\/jats:styled-content>outflow acts throughO<\/jats:styled-content>xA<\/jats:styled-content>and orexin\u20101 receptors to alter the encoding properties of trigeminal brainstem neurons responsive to input from the ocular surface and deep tissues of the eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T11:45:48Z","timestamp":1402055148000},"page":"2619-2627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Posterior hypothalamic modulation of ocular\u2010responsive trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons is mediated byO<\/scp>rexin\u2010A<\/scp>andO<\/scp>rexin1 receptors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ayano","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences University of Minnesota School of 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