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Pregnancy stress enhances vulnerability to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> and has also been shown to increase depressive\u2010like behavior in postpartum rats. Thus, gestational stress may be an important translational risk factor that can be used to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>. Here we examined the effects of gestational stress on depressive\u2010like behavior during the early\/mid and late postpartum periods and evaluated whether this was accompanied by altered structural plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>c), a brain region that has been linked to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>. We show that early\/mid (postpartum day 8) postpartum female rats exhibited more depressive\u2010like behavior in the forced swim test as compared with late postpartum females (postpartum day 22). However, 2\u00a0weeks of restraint stress during pregnancy increased depressive\u2010like behavior regardless of postpartum timepoint. In addition, dendritic length, branching and spine density on medium spiny neurons in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>c shell were diminished in postpartum rats that experienced gestational stress although stress\u2010induced reductions in spine density were evident only in early\/mid postpartum females. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>c core, structural plasticity was not affected by gestational stress but late postpartum females exhibited lower spine density and reduced dendritic length. Overall, these data not only demonstrate structural changes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>c across the postpartum period, they also show that postpartum depressive\u2010like behavior following exposure to gestational stress is associated with compromised structural plasticity in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NA<\/jats:styled-content>c and thus may provide insight into the neural changes that could contribute to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T06:15:26Z","timestamp":1414736126000},"page":"3766-3773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Gestational stress induces persistent depressive\u2010like behavior and structural modifications within the postpartum nucleus accumbens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Achikam","family":"Haim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Leuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.3.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(89)90074-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2013.00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.08.001.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91111.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"e50324","article-title":"Using chronic social stress to model postpartum depression in lactating rodents","volume":"76","author":"Carini L.M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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